CCTV design and installation in Tashkent

Clients arrive with a camera count. We start elsewhere: what must be visible, and in what dispute the footage will serve as evidence. IEC 62676-4 sets four levels of detail — detection at 25 pixels per metre of scene, observation 62.5, recognition 125, identification 250.

A 4 MP camera gives 2560 pixels horizontally, so to identify a face the frame can be no wider than about ten metres. Stretch it across a twenty-five-metre yard and you get a hundred pixels per metre: enough to show someone was there and what they wore, not to identify them. Overview and identification are different positions at different heights.

• Fixed-lens dome and bullet cameras — perimeter, corridors, sales floor
• Varifocal and PTZ where the scene changes or an alarm needs a closer look
• Ceiling fisheye at 180/360° — one frame instead of four in a small room, at the cost of edge detail
• Identification cameras at entrances, tills and gates: narrow frame, 2.0–2.5 m height, backlight assessed on survey

An archive lasting a month is not a specification until someone does the sums. A 4 MP camera in H.265 at 15 fps averages about 4 Mbit/s: 4 × 86,400 ÷ 8 ≈ 43,200 MB, roughly 42 GB a day. Thirty days is 1.3 TB per camera; sixteen cameras around 20 TB — three 8 TB drives and a recorder with at least four bays, not the single-drive box in the usual quote.

Smart encoding (H.265+) strips 40–60% off a static scene like a night-time warehouse; in a yard with trees and traffic the gain is near nil. Event recording shrinks it further at the cost of context, so we always enable a 5–10 second pre-record buffer. Drives are surveillance-class only: a desktop drive in 24/7 duty fails quietly.

Failures come from the lines, not the cameras. 802.3af delivers 15.4 W at the port and 12.95 W at the device; 802.3at (PoE+) gives 30 and 25.5 W. An outdoor bullet camera with IR at full output draws 8–12 W, a PTZ with a heater considerably more. The classic mistake follows: a sixteen-port switch with a 130 W budget cannot carry sixteen outdoor cameras on a winter night — the system drops out when the illuminators come on.

Copper Ethernet runs 100 metres; beyond that, extended PoE on Hikvision and Dahua reaches 300 metres at 10 Mbit/s, or fibre with a media converter and an outdoor cabinet switch.

External runs need surge protection on data and power, plus an earthed cabinet. Recorder and switch sit on their own UPS, or a power cut means no footage for exactly the hour that mattered.

Analytics on current Hikvision and Dahua cameras run on board, with no separate server: line crossing, intrusion, region entry and exit, abandoned and removed object, people counting, retail heat maps.

The value lies in classification, not the list of scenarios. Hikvision's AcuSense and Dahua's WizSense separate people and vehicles from everything else; without that, an outdoor motion detector produces dozens of false alarms a night — branches, rain, a cat, an insect on the IR glass — and within a week nobody reacts at all.

Number plate recognition needs a dedicated camera with a controlled shutter of 1/500–1/2000, or the plate smears in motion and blows out under headlights; we verify Uzbek plate series on site. Face recognition works at a controlled crossing point, not on a wide shot of a yard.

Phone viewing runs on Hik-Connect or DMSS, desktop on iVMS-4200 or SmartPSS. If you already run a VMS or monitoring station, cameras are exposed over ONVIF and RTSP, with no cloud lock-in.

On security, plainly: we do not forward recorder ports to the internet. An NVR exposed publicly with factory credentials is found by scanners within hours. Access runs through the manufacturer's P2P service or a VPN, factory accounts are changed on site, and cameras sit on their own VLAN, unreachable from guest Wi-Fi.

Four things drive the cost, and the price of a camera is not the main one: the number and class of camera positions; the cable runs, existing tray versus chasing concrete in an occupied building; the archive depth in days, which converts directly into drives and recorder bays; and how much sits outdoors, with cabinets, surge protection and fibre.

We do not quote before visiting; after the survey you receive documents that let you compare us line by line.

• A position layout with fields of view and mounting heights
• A specification with actual part numbers, not twelve outdoor cameras
• Archive depth calculated in gigabytes for your recording mode
• As-built documentation, passwords and accounts handed over; equipment is yours from the day the acceptance certificate is signed